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basic needs: water, the energy, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, oxygen, nitrogen, iron

In the animal kingdom there is a relative constancy of basic needs.
With some bacteria living near the hot springs at the bottom of the ocean-dependent sulfur living things depend on the carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen and energy source .


plants use water carbon dioxide (CO ²) source of carbon and oxygen and Solar by

through the chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts which are small solar . Here those little green balls in cells with blue walls.

image
Wikipedia










Nitrogen is not used directly by plants , but is provided in organic form (used) by bacteria and some fungi. Cows and sheep eat grass ...


And Man?

Man is an animal almost like the others. It is an omnivore, plus the ability to change his environment (not always in the right direction).


The most basic quantitative needs are water and energy.

Water

estimate how these needs?

People used to assess needs, in milliliters per kilogram of body weight and age. It is a conceptual error and a significant complication for children that pediatricians are dealing with. Their needs vary according to weight (200 ml / kg 3 kg and 66 ml / kg to 10 years, etc. ...). This unnecessary burden of memory.

It is much easier and consistent to consider the needs based on body surface area that is to say the surface of the skin. Indeed what we capture or lose is proportional to the surface of our intestines, on the surface of our skin (heat loss or sweating) on the surface of what our kidneys filter etc. ... Oncologists to do to handle children with more security, but their essential drug so toxic.

For simplicity, we can use the body surface:
Water requirements, listed according to body surface area are constant s: 2 liters / sq. days
(I had been here but examples of calculations comparing c ' break-up was so I deleted everything! )
surface in m² (S) is calculated very easily up to 30 kg by the formula:
S (m) = (4P +7) / (P +90) where P is the weight in kg. It is easily calculated head.
Beyond 30 kg this formula slightly overestimates the body surface and must use a table or a logarithmic formula (link to the maths! to a site of cancer but it is pure coincidence).
Any calculator (programmable, it's easier) or computer works fine. But beyond 30 kg this is hardly interesting. Just know that a "normal" man is vaguely 1.8 m 1.6 m and a woman .




Water Requirements: 2 liters / m² which corresponds to a 30 kg child. (Healthy)
Where does this water ?
tap water rich foods, milk and its derivatives (95%), fruits and vegetables (90%). It should be added that the burning of food produces water, CO ², and waste.

No dehydration: 2 l / m, moderate dehydration : 2.5 l / m² , severe dehydration : 3 l / m²

[s how it's so easy ' without it? I use these formulas to the daily rations oral or intravenous goods bearing the rehydration of gastroenteritis as well as diabetic ketoacidosis.]

Energy:
Basically power is supplied by the fusion of the sun that illuminates and irradiated.

R. Gamin Image: Soleil one night in Bali

radiation is captured by elements of which the most developed is the chloroplast which will transform the light radiation into usable energy by humans living (algae, grasses, trees). Plants capture energy, CO ² from the air and convert cellulose into releasing oxygen. Animals that can use cellulose, eat plants and sometimes other animals.

Energy for Man: the sun and food

The sun heats the house . From the forests, it has wood, coal, oil.

The stone-moving Indian to receive the best of the sun to reduce their food intake, without cooking, however.







ImagePondikerala



Food is our main source of energy:

Men eat plants and animals .
Man can not utilize cellulose but only the starch it looks great and more generally carbohydrates or "sugar". It is a polymer of carbon hydrogenated and partially oxidized.
starch is found in seeds of plants. Wheat, rice, cassava are important sources of starch. Starch provides 4 Cal per gram.

The other source of energy comes from fat animal or plant (the fat) butter, oil. Fat is very energy: 9 Cal per gram.

Carbohydrates and fats provide energy. To burn, you need a good boiler ? Living beings have understood that the bacteria boilers were excellent.

One can find them in the form of mitochondria No. (9) on the diagram representing a cell.



image
Wikipedia





These mitochondria are like bacteria embedded in our cells. Views electron microscope, they resemble nothing so much as coliform. In fact we would rather think of Rickettsia, but who knows! It happened there almost 2 billion years, but at the rate science is going, we'll know shortly. Wikipedia
image

These "boilers" can well use the oxygen which allows better performance combustion .

Curiously, these fats in which we are placed in reserve have a structure very similar to butane, propane or oil are also in reserve.

This reminds us that there is a universality of life.

What are the caloric needs?


L e basal metabolism - that is to say the minimum needs of a healthy subject lying idle in good health - is 800 Cal / m (corresponding an infusion of normal 10% glucose at a rate of 2 l / m . By providing a bit of sugar water as it should, it covers both the need for water and calories. Is not it great?).


to average assets 1440 Cal / m² .

[Ouch! "I feel the question." What the 1440 why? Of course this is the year of publication of learned ignorance and the first caravel but not why. I had read that the brain consumes 144 grams of glucose per day in a learned publication Anglo-Saxon. I asked myself the same question "why"? "Good sense, but of course ": there is 1440 minutes per day so it facilitates the calculations and impress the ignorant. These are "our little arrangements with the numbers". 1440 1500 cons who can approach universality, it is not very serious to the individualism of the human ! . Someday I'll tell you how our learned experts from WHO vote in committee on basic needs, it is edifying. ]

which gives:
For man of average activity, 2700 Cal per day
For a woman , 2000 Cal. Women need fewer calories because its losses are lower because it has 15% more than the fat man that is a good thermal insulator.
These calories are used primarily to maintain the temperature at 37 degrees. Needs increase and decrease in winter in the summer when it is warmer.

intense physical activity can increase as needed.

A rider Tour de France consumes 6000 Cal per day, double the basic ration.








Picture "The tour.fr"

By against a player Water Polo competing can consume 11 000 Cal because it loses a lot of calories while in the water. Image

China information. OJ / Water polo: The Dutch team won the gold medal






The qualitative needs are specific:

Carbon is present in starchy foods and fats.

Oxygen is still free and reasonably plentiful.


The nitrogen and sulfur

They are made by proteins. A protein is a long thread like a necklace of beads called amino acids. Their origin is complex. We be found even in outer space.

To be simple, nitrogen is captured on Earth by bacteria in symbiosis with plants. They benefit from each other. We find these amino acids in the seeds that we eat. However the plants are low in sulfur amino acids called "essential" that we do not make (such as methionine which depends cysteine).

Wikipedia Image: complex process of nitrogen uptake by bacteria

It why civilizations corn consumed in South America also insects or worms, civilization Rice uses Nuoc mam preparations of fish.


R. Gamin Image: Bali rice


Iron

What is iron? It is associated with the hemoglobin in our red blood cells .

In terrestrial vertebrates, the hemoglobin in the blood determines the oxygen in the air from the lungs. Through circulation, oxygenated hemoglobin will be transported to all other organs, for release later that the oxygen will be consumed by the cells that need it. The hemoglobin allows blood to contain more oxygen he could by simply dissolving.
At the heart of the porphyrin molecule heterogeneous cycle, heme, which contains an iron ion. This ion is the iron binding site of oxygen.




Oxy hemoglobin: Oxygen is blue on iron . Image
Wikipedia


Myoglobin is a protein of vertebrates formed in humans of a single chain of 153 amino acids containing a porphyrin ring with iron ion in the center. It is the main intracellular carrier of oxygen in muscle tissue.

Its red color and its abundance in certain muscles or species explain the difference in appearance between white meat and red meat.

Iron is also a host of other things.

Requirements: The iron requirements of normal subjects are about 9 mg per day for men and 7-30 mg per day for women and child.

Iron meat (heme) (12 mg / 100g), blood pudding, liver 20mg / 100g of fish is particularly well absorbed . (30%) But it is not necessary to eat a lot.

Iron Plant is located in France in lentils (9 mg/100gr) and nettles (40mg/100gr) Try to eat 100 grams - we are not cattle! - Colored fruits

and around the cocoa (15mg/100 gr), soybeans, bananas. However, this iron is poorly absorbed (1-2%). In addition, the presence of phytic acid gene absorption. Phytic acid or myo-inositol hexa acid, phosphoric acid is a biomolecule naturally present in the seeds of many cereals and pulses, usually in the form of calcium salt or magnesium. It reduces or inhibits the absorption of various cations (Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ca, Fe) to form insoluble salts (phytates).

Vitamin C reduces the effect of phytic acid. Therefore eating fruit to absorb iron. (Notice for vegetarians!)

Wikimedia Image: Cocoa





calcium, essential fatty acids (polyunsaturated) vitamins will be discussed in other chapters.

" is a topic a bit hot but it can approach the universal, that the living and that of the formula I use everyday in my practice as a pediatrician"

House/view/view.shtml

EPS: stalemate and a pair of crooks ...

What plays the extreme French left and the first rank, the NPA and its ambivalent Besancenot? A recent column of Hamid Zanaz published in Le Monde lights on infected complacency or even criminal complicity.

Nothing obvious in the official discourse, but associates public policies and actions that cultivate an ambiguous posture. Allow one of its candidates to raise the veil on religious official photo of an election is to wipe with the first principle of secularism. Getting into bed with Salma Yacoub, who fights western women's apparel as nothing less than " dictatorship of the body ', endorsing the subjugation of society in general rejoicing program fundamentalists. Elisabeth Badinter had a few months ago, brilliantly denounced the pernicious and regressive way of the full veil that some claim as the first flag of a struggle against our form of life.

Whether this marginal fringe, the proponents of fundamentalism, resonate with some anti-capitalists can be explained only by opportunism: to fall our way of economic and financial development. Hamid recalls Zanaz yet the origin of the Islamist movement: a hedge against the socialist aspirations of the Arab nations and its secular consubstantial. So ... no consistency

Embracing the religious fascism, Islamic fundamentalism, even timidly, confirms the extreme left uncomfortable ambiguity: his struggle to integrate democratic rules while keeping in mind their last down by chaos redistributing the powers.

The acquaintances illuminate the ulterior motives of a political agenda. In April 2007, the LCR, already conducted by the subversive postman, demanded the unconditional withdrawal from Afghanistan. Develop a revolt against U.S. imperialism, but a secret desire retalibanisation of Afghan society. Leave these lands under the fierce rule of the religious extremists to escape the capitalist obscenities, until the Revolution crimson red. Unforgivable strategy than ever, of course, the NPA will recognize.

What would enlightened folklore, if the political powers fought really abject gluttony of Financial players, could set itself up as the way to saving many desperate.

At the other end, there are so unscrupulous banks. BNP-Paribas, for example, which announced profits of close to five billion euros for 2009, half of the fruit of excessive speculative investments and five hundred million to distribute to traders. The message? Making fun of the world until there is not some crazy people who Scarfs paragons of all-money.

The influx of cash at low interest rates, injected by central banks and governments, have not been used to help disaster victims sections of the economy, but to lubricate and enhance the activity purely financial banks. Scavengers on their own, we never hear yelling on the street or spread in incivilities but sully the social contract as few offenders succeed.

At the heart of present and future destabilization the sprawling Goldman Sachs. Besides, BNP-Paribas stands out as an institution uneventful, peaceful and harmless. His specialty: infiltrate the political sphere to neutralize any project that could serve its huge interests, and build on all fronts. A merchant bank in cold marble, velvet choker noise and logic.

financial system and the obsession captor talks will continue until sacrifice States in distress, like those generals of the Great War invested tons of cannon fodder for Snack few meters of mud. The principles are the primary conquest and hoarding all costs, possession exponential ... Barbary padded rooms where each market is one in a ballet irrational, brainless, immoral ...

The EPS? Symbol of the two paths that join to the same impasse. If a start there should be political, he accents radicals that would only replace one oppression with the more clandestine eradicated.
What to do? Maybe consolidate its withdrawal from the world, the Leautaud , insure that presence to maintain some minimum conditions and guarantee a modest nest egg ... Stay away from everything time that life goes ...

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The umbilical cord, placenta, mom, baby.

The umbilical cord:
"A channel that initially feeds the child, then after the birth, the flange connection sometimes."
What?

The umbilical cord is a tube that connects the child to the placenta, which is connected to the mother. It is composed of two arteries and a vein surrounded by a protective sheath. Clearly seen in this photo: is the double line that wrapped from the navel.








It appears from the navel. In fact it goes through the belly of the child at this level. The two arteries are connected to the aorta via the iliac arteries. Umbilical vein goes to the liver, joins the inferior vena cava which goes to the heart.
At the other end, the cord is connected to the placenta that provides interaction with the mother.

For cord pass oxygen essential for life and all nutrients, sugars, fats, amino acids, calcium, iron, etc ... required for the manufacture of small man.
is the baby's heart is the pump : blood loaded with waste, carbon dioxide, is sent by the umbilical arteries to the placenta where it is purified. Responsible for good things and oxygen, he returned to the child by the umbilical vein.

Placenta:

The placenta is a temporary body placed between mother and child. It allows exchanges between the mother and fetus , but it also produces hormones allowing a smooth pregnancy.

Circulations, maternal and fetal, are separated by a "blood-placental barrier . We would rather have called " colander " bar because it does almost nothing. Any
pathology at this level - poor integration of placenta abruption, premature aging vessels, knot, cord hematoma, single umbilical artery usually due to obstruction, presence of toxins in the mother - can have dire consequences sometimes in minutes.

P lmost all that is in the blood of the mother (except normally, the red cells, platelets and white) will go in the cord blood , here are some simple examples:
-essential elements for growth the baby but also:
-most drugs,
-toxic products as the ' alcohol responsible for severe brain disorders,
them heavy metals like mercury very neurotoxic
the virus-like Rubella extremely serious for the fetus less than 3 months, parvovirus B19 and many others, it
Toxoplasma will colonize the brain and retina of the baby.

Fortunately all this can be limited by a conservative lifestyle :
-select and limit drug
-no alcohol,
-mercury is uncommon in France. He was in the years 1940-1966 in Japan Minamata , a fishing village where mothers were poisoned by contaminated fish by an industry releasing mercury into the bay. And Iraq in 1971-1972, the population had eaten bread made from seed grains treated with a pesticide containing mercury.
-rubella has almost disappeared thanks to vaccination but there is a dozen cases a year among people who think they have had rubella (there are copies), or others who " ; forgotten "the vaccine capital.
-toxoplasma is more insidious, we minimize the risks by eating cooked meat and avoiding very attendance of animals, especially cats and rodents.





In addition, the pregnant woman is in a period of immune tolerance that allows it to accept her baby up for half of a foreign party: the father. She defends the less against infectious agents.

Fortunately nature is brilliantly well done and everything is usually best . These diseases are rare.

A Birth:
The umbilical cord may leave before the child is what is called cord prolapse. During contractions or the passage of the Child, the cord is compressed. The baby is more oxygenated and there is a high risk of acute fetal distress. In the vast majority of cases, in extreme emergency Caesarean is necessary. It is this risk that is often put forward in France for 'medicalized' childbirth. This argument is correct but does not generate the medicalization does not have more frequent infections, regardless of the discomfort advanced by advocates of alternative medicine? Nothing is perfect.

A near birth: here everything is going very well.

When Mom wants , the baby was placed on her and he tries breast where he will find colostrum.
sucking helps contract the uterus and removal of the placenta. This is called "issue" which indicates that the process of delivery is completed.
If the mother does not wish to breastfeed , no worries (in rich countries), there exist excellent milk powder and delivery is also done.

This cord, when should the clamp ? Most of the time the cord is clamped by a clamp quickly raised to 2 inches of the child, to use secondary arteries or the umbilical vein in cases of concern.
Some teams prefer to wait until the beating of the arteries, arguing that during this time, the child is still receiving oxygen and that, moreover, it would avoid anemia. Critics suggest that there is more risk of incompatibility blood by passage of maternal blood in the fetus. The situation is not resolved.




The cord care:
The cord is clamped what will become of him? It will dry quickly and come off. They say he probably fell because they say so weird "that gets pregnant!".

What treatment? I'm formal : disinfectant Eosin + ®)
In this era of phobia of germs, it became customary to use only disinfectant, which does not sting. (Recall that alcohol is not a good disinfectant and spades).
However, it is very useful to assist in drying the cord by the daily application of eosin. The aqueous eosin (Eosin ®) should not be used as a topical antiseptic but only as an adjunct to its properties sicca.

anecdotes.

It was once a maternity brand new which removed eosin saying it's a bad disinfectant, "nerdy." The gossips said they feared the spots in their brand new premises. We saw immediately of delays at the fall of cord type "record book" : a cord in an infant up to 47 days and in another 55 days. I had previously read (certainly not in the New England ...) the world record was 45 days. These two new records have not been approved , but then, now they are on Internet it's going to know. This is the child ... (ale, I skidded and secrecy ... so you do not know no more)

When you see a troll cord wet , macerated and smells bad, one can imagine the nest microbes it represents, while a cord of well seasoned by the good " eosin old cheesy, clean, odorless and falls in 8-10 days.
NB The two record holders are going very well and the strings are still fell.
When the cord has fallen, it often happens that the navel oozes for another week or two. Again, a drop of eosin dries everything.

long time for several months, the navel seems "out" which questions the mothers. This is normal. There is a time for everything.

cord psychological
But when the umbilical cord is cut with a scissors, (it's painless for the child), the work is not finished. We're not lying, with "colic", the "night of hell" and one wonders what it for later! Time passes and it is mostly a pleasure to see the development of these "little creatures".

But i the must prepare the section of cord psychological . It will teach children the rules of community life. These rules create constraints and seemed contrary to the welfare of the child then they will allow it to organize and to be "stronger."


Let us try if we can, to have children flourished and not locked or trapped by a company to which they were not prepared.


" Adolescent " etching etching R. Gamin

But we'll see that another time.

"The cord simply pipe, which leads to the navel, then became the center of affect and force (Ki East)." It is no coincidence that so many psychoanalysts have explored this region.

元气 qi (Chinese, Yuanqi ): Original + breath: the breath behind the original world

ki 気 in Japanese: the mind force 元気 です: I'm fine
keywords: cord, placenta, toxic, alcohol, toxoplasma, baby, mother, father, immunity

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In green and ... support for all

We had the helpful Poupouce of Societe Generale, which at every occasion of life, offered his small financial contributions as a Philanthropy improbable banker. Let us remember his spot in the Bears ...

These past few weeks, his rogue buddy. The mix of environmental aspirations of potential prey and imperatives Economic puppeteer BNP Paribas: a nice guy stamped Cetelem leafy who tells us the art of sauces ready for all ... Need anything, feel anything, it's the lovable dwarf green for you don subprime Sc consumption, even if you disgorge your guts for failure ... unless, by then, new horizons make speculative and too little cheesy seduction profitable household for a few thousand euro loan to obscene levels.

Beautiful scenery input and squalid backyards, time is not tolerance ...

After Greece, Spain, which it is reduced to the level bad payer. States have delivered so their public finances to back up a system corrupted by the tumbling financial sphere, to avoid systemic collapse, which points to the return of club for the most exposed.

Ultimately, the balance of the crisis suffered, what sanctions civil and criminal cases have been handed down against venal characters of the ballet? Madoff, he was pilloried for having robbed of wealthy candidates to unbridled speculation, an attic ... We should, instead, he received an award for having worked to put off some paragons of winning at all costs.

It is not until the States, they would not admit as on the verge of bankruptcy, to sink the hooks to go out and make money to extortionists unpunished . To offset the steep expenses generated by these evil full accounts, there will be the ability of all peoples to repay and the talent of a policy to digest lean times .

The worst would be the nationalist reflex, blaming the neighbor what we can not accept yourself. The compact mass of irrational investors or criminal cynicism would have because of weaker states, waiting to catch the most beautiful ...

Meanwhile? Financial institutions return to their primary activity, that they despised the heyday of the frenetic financialisation products so complex that rot in this elite borked threw it, slobbering expected returns.

In the end, and if the chaos does not imply any, it will be a significant part of our taxes that will offset these inconsequential dross unfit to criticize ... loud!

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